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Advanced Muscles Anatomy and Physiology Exam-Quiz, Anatomy & Physiology 12 hr

(Non-Technique Continuing Education Course to know Principles, Chronology & Science: Not massage Therapy Techniques or Manipulation of Soft Tissue)

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Question 1: The binding sites for the cross-bridges are located on __________
actin
myosin
troponin
actinomysin


Question 2: When muscle contracts upon stimulation, calcium ions bind to __________, which exposes the binding sites for the myosin cross-bridges to attach to
actin
myosin
troponin
sarcomere


Question 3: Calcium ions are released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum to initiate muscle contraction and are reabsorbed upon muscle relaxation. Which of the following occurs if calcium ions are not completely reabsorbed?
The next muscle contraction will be weaker than the previous muscle contraction
with a network of veins and arteries along with millions of capillaries that get inflamed due to the constant pressure
The next muscle contraction will be greater than the previous muscle contractiont
There won't be a second muscle contraction until all the calcium ions are reabsorbed


Question 4: In order to make ATP (adenosine triphosphate) in muscles, creatine phosphate (CP) transfers __________ to adenosine diphosphate (ADP)
phosphate
oxygen
adenosine
calcium


Question 5: ATP can be made in muscles from stored glucose. In muscles, glucose is stored in the form of __________
energy
glycogen
creatine
hemaglobin


Question 6: In a resting muscle cell
energy is conserved to prepare for the next contractile activitiy and associated movement of the body part involved
the muscles fibers expand to allow room for rushing oxygen and nutrients into the surrounding cells
the co-enzyme ATP, which is responsible for energy transfer between cells, is bound to myosin, a motor protein
lactic acid is released onto surrounding muscle fibers until the onset of the next contractile activity


Question 7: The _____________ has to wait for calcium to be released by the cells before it can contract or release a fiber of muscle
limb
joint
tendon
myosin


Question 8: Lactic acid, a byproduct of cellular respiration, is typically produced during __________ respiration
nitrogeneous
isometric
aerobic
anaerobic


Question 9: Which of the following is the correct sequence for the production of ATP for muscle contraction?
oxygen intake, respiration, arterial blood distribution
anaerobic respiration, CP, aerobic respiration
aerobic respiration, CP, anaerobic respiration
CP, anaerobic respiration, aerobic respiration


Question 10: Calcium ions will cause the troponin/tropomyosin complex to move in such a manner as to expose the actin binding sites. The calcium ions are released from the __________
sarcoplasmic reticulum
presynaptic vesicles of the axons
sarcomere
cellular wall


Question 11: ATP is required for muscles to contract. Which of the following statements is FALSE?
ATP is used to get the cross-bridges to disconnect from actin
ATP is used to get the troponin-tropomyosin complex to move in such a manner to expose the binding sites
ATP is used to get the cross-bridges to bind to actin
None of the above


Question 12: Which of the following sets of reactions produce the most ATP for muscle contraction?
glycolysis
anaerobic respiration
aerobic respiration
cellular respiration


Question 13: Scientists have confirmed that the majority of health problems are
stress-related
food-related
from pathogens
None of the Above


Question 14: Which of the following cells converts lactic acid back to pyruvic acid so pyruvic acid can be involved in producing ATP?
spleen
liver
skin
kidneys


Question 15: Which of the following muscles typically operate under voluntary control?
cardiac
smooth
skeletal
striated


Question 16: Which of the following muscles have the ability to cause blood vessels to dilate or constrict depending on external conditions?
cardiac
skeletal
smooth
involuntary


Question 17: Which of the following muscles do NOT consist of striations?
skeletal
cardiac
smooth
voluntary


Question 18: The __________ is connective tissue that surrounds the entire muscle. The __________ is connective tissue that surrounds groups of muscle fibers. The __________ is connective tissue that surrounds individual muscle fibers
perimysium; epimysium; endomysium
endomysium; epimysium; perimysium
epimysium; perimysium; endomysium
none of the above


Question 19: The part of a muscle fiber that actually does the contracting is a microscopic unit called a
ligament
cell
sarcomere
trigger point otherwise commonly called a muscle knot


Question 20: A tendon is an extension of which of the following?
endomysium, epimysium, and perimysium
endomysium and epimysium
endomysium and perimysium
a muscle fiber in a normal resting state, which is neither stretched nor contracted


Question 21: In order for muscles to contract, they need calcium ions. Muscle cells have an organelle that stores the needed calcium ions. This organelle is called __________
fascia
sarcoplasmic reticulum
origin
sarcolemma


Question 22: The membrane around a muscle cell is called a __________
sarcoplasm
sarcomere
sarcolemma
sarcoplasmic reticulum


Question 23: The actin filaments are attached to the __________
Z discs
myosin
sarcolemma
myosin


Question 24: Normally, when a muscle is working
the muscle fiber extends from the contraction knot to the muscle’s attachment
its sarcomeres act like tiny pumps, contracting and relaxing to circulate blood through the capillaries that supply their metabolic needs
the greater distance between the Z bands display how the muscle fiber is being stretched by tension within the contraction knot
the distance between the short crossways lines (Z bands) within the fiber defines the length of the individual sarcomeres. The sarcomeres run lengthwise in the fiber, perpendicular to the Z bands.


Question 25: The troponin/tropomyosin complex is associated directly with which of the following filaments?
myosin
the thick filament
actin
muscle fibers


Question 26: Which of the following muscles consists of intercalated discs?
involuntary
smooth
cardiac
skeletal


Question 27: In what way are cardiac muscles and skeletal muscles similar?
both are highly branched
both operate via autorhythmic activity
both have striations
both are voluntary muscles


Question 28: Which of the following statements is true regarding the structure of smooth muscle?
They have an overlapping pattern of actin and myosin, similar to skeletal muscle
They do not consist of actin or myosin
They consist of an irregular arrangement of actin and myosin
They contract relatively fast and in a controlled manner


Question 29: The layer of connective tissue that separates the muscle tissue into small sections is called the ______________
aponeuroses
epimysium
perimysium
endomysium


Question 30: The segment of a myofibril that is called a sarcomere runs from _______________
one Z line to the next Z line
one H zone to the next H zone
one A band to the next A band
one end of a skeletal muscle to the opposite end


Question 31: The ______________ are an invagination of the muscle cell's sarcolemma
sarcoplasmic reticula
transverse (T) tubules
cisternae
microtubules


Question 32: Into what does the neuron release its neurotransmitter at the neuromuscular junction
cytoplasm of the muscle cell
motor end plate
synaptic cleft
cisternae


Question 33: A motor unit is made up of _______________
a motor neuron and the muscle fibers it innervates
all the muscle fibers within a given muscle
all the neurons going into an individual section of the body
a fascicle and a nerve


Question 34: The crossbridges involved in muscle contraction are located on the ________________
actin myofilaments
myosin myofilaments
tropomyosin
dystrophin


Question 35: Which of these statements is correct regarding muscle contraction?
All motor units act together
Muscle contraction continues for long periods after nervous stimulation ceases
The crossbridges bind to the actin and shorten the sarcomeres
Dystrophin is not needed to strengthen the contracting muscle cell


Question 36: When a nervous impulse travels from a neuron to a muscle cell, what happens next?
Calcium is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum
Linkages form between the actin and myosin
The impulse travels over the sarcolemma in all directions
Acetylcholine is decomposed by acetylcholinesterase


Question 37: One of the following statements about muscular responses is not true. Choose that one
A muscle fiber contracts in an all-or-none fashion
Muscles will add motor units to a contraction, increasing the overall force of contraction
When a person is fully at rest, none of her muscles are contracting
There is a slight latent period that occurs between when the stimulus arrives at the muscle and when the muscle contracts


Question 38: The type of muscle found in the irises of the eyes and in the blood vessels is called _______________
visceral smooth muscle
cardiac muscle
skeletal muscle
multiunit smooth muscle


Question 39: Tightness of the iliopsoas and hamstring muscles
can affect normal functioning of the digestive system
cause skeletal defects in the hip and knee joints
can also seriously disrupt balanced posture
result in lengthening of the femur bone in human development


Question 40: Why can cardiac muscle fibers contract for longer periods than skeletal muscle fibers?
Extracellular calcium partially controls the strength (and length) of contraction
Cardiac muscle is self-excitatory
Cisternae of T-tubules is more developed in cardiac muscle
Cardiac muscle is uninucleate rather than multinucleate


Question 41: Which muscle enables you to pucker your lips for a kiss?
epicranius
orbicularis oris
buccinator
orbicularis oculi


Question 42: The muscle that enables you to elevate and adduct your scapula is the ____________
serratus anterior
sternocleidomastoid
rhomboideus major
splenius capitis


Question 43: Which muscle is the strongest flexor of the elbow?
brachialis
biceps brachii
brachioradialis
deltoid


Question 44: The biceps femoris is one hamstring muscle located on the back of the thigh. Which muscle is another hamstring?
adductor magnus
semitendinosus
gluteus maximus
quadriceps femoris


Question 45: Which of the following does not belong with the others?
striated
striated
involuntary
multinucleated


Question 46: Each muscle fiber is directly surrounded by connective tissue called the _____
perimysium
fascia
endomysium
epimysium


Question 47: Which term is the smallest subdivision in this group?
fiber
fibril
actin
filament


Question 48: Which description of muscle contraction means that all of the fibers within a muscle are fully contracted?
muscle twitching
summation
all-or-none law
tetanic


Question 49: The wire like nerve cells ________ are the actual structures that link the Central Nervous System to the Peripheral Organs
nerves
composed of spinal fluid
neurons
None of the above


Question 50: The bony anatomy of the foot and ankle involves the
Tibia, Figula, Calcaneous, Talus, Cuboid, Navicular, Cuniform Bones, Metatarsals, and Phalanges
carpal tunnel, toes, sole and tibia
joints, ligaments, muscles and blood vessels
None of the Above


Question 51: The term _____ refers to the constant state of contraction of a certain number of fibers within a muscle
hypertrophy
tone
atrophy
summation


Question 52: Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
is a result of prolonged typing with a computer keyboard
onset is due to unbalanced lifting of heavy objects
is pressure on the median nerve causing pain over the wrist and fingers
None of the Above


Question 53: Muscles that are not used, may degenerate or undergo a process of _____
atrophy
hypertrophy
fatigue
tetany


Question 54: Osteoarthritis is
more prominent in aging adults due to lack of excercise and multivitamins
pain typically affecting the interphalangeal joints of the fingers and the thumb
a hereditary disease that is prevalent among females with a history of hypertension
None of the Above


Question 55: Rheumatoid Arthritis
caused when streptococci infections are untreated and can impact the heart
is more prevalent in colder countries due to the lack of sunlight responsible for vitamin D generation in our bodies
pain located at the knuckles of the fingers and the wrist bone
None of the Above


Question 56: The body can be divided into two major sections
posterior and the anterior sections
voluntary and the involuntary organs
axial portion and the appendicular portion
None of the above


Question 57: The axial portion comprises of the
face, chest and abdomen
legs, stomach, and the face
head, neck and trunk
None of the above


Question 58: The appendicular portion comprises of
the appendix, liver and the spleen
duodenum, small intestine and the colon
ribs, trunk and femur
the upper limbs (arms) and lower limbs (legs)


Question 59: What 4 muscles mimic heart attack pain?
1. Suboccipitals 2. Splenuis Capitis & Cervicis 3. Trapezius 4. Levator Scapulae-SCM
1. Semitendinosus 2. Gluteus Maximus 3. Illiopsoas 4. Quadriceps
1. Pec. Maj. & Min. 2. Serratus Anterior 3. Latissimus Dorsi 4. Teres Major
1. Sternocleidomastoic 2. Trapezius 3. Rectus Femoris 4. Latissimu Dorsi


Question 60: Muscles that act to cause similar movements are called _____
antagonists
origins
insertions
synergists


Question 61: The major muscle lining the cheek is the _____
buccinator
zygomaticus
orbicularis oris
orbicularis oculi


Question 62: The triangle shaped muscle which antagonizes the sternocleidomastoid is the _____
pectoralis major
trapezius
external oblique
deltoid


Question 63: Anterior leg muscles
dorsiflex the foot
flex the leg
plantarflex the foot
extend the leg


Question 64: A muscle that adducts the thigh and flexes the leg is the
biceps femoris
gracilis
rectus femoris
sartorius


Question 65: Which of these muscles flexes the thigh?
biceps femoris
semitendinosis
rectus femoris
semimembranosis


Question 66: The medial group of thigh muscles is involved primarily in
adduction of the thigh
abduction of the thigh
flexion of the thigh
flexion of the leg


Question 67: Normally, when a muscle is working
the muscle fiber extends from the contraction knot to the muscle’s attachment
its sarcomeres act like tiny pumps, contracting and relaxing to circulate blood through the capillaries that supply their metabolic needs
the greater distance between the Z bands display how the muscle fiber is being stretched by tension within the contraction knot
the distance between the short crossways lines (Z bands) within the fiber defines the length of the individual sarcomeres. The sarcomeres run lengthwise in the fiber, perpendicular to the Z bands.


Question 68: Which of these muscles is NOT used as an injection site?
gluteus medius
sartorius
gluteus maximus
vastus lateralis


Question 69: This muscle is used to cross the legs; it flexes the leg, and flexes and laterally rotates the thigh
involuntary
adductor longus
sartorius
vastus lateralis


Question 70: Two thigh muscles that are antagonists are the
adductor longus and vastus lateralis.
vastus medialis and vastus intermedius
rectus femoris and semimembranosus
gluteus maximus and semitendinosus


Question 71: Which of these muscles flexes the thigh?
deep thigh rotators
gluteus maximus
iliopsoas
gluteus minimus


Question 72: Name the muscle that extends, abducts, and laterally rotates the thigh
iliopsoas
tensor fasciae latae
gluteus maximus
gluteus minimus


Question 73: Extrinsic hand muscles are found in the
forearm
arm
hand
fingers


Question 74: Many of the posterior forearm muscles have their origin on the
lesser tubercle of the humerus
lateral epicondyle of the humerus
medial epicondyle of the humerus
olecranon process of the humerus


Question 75: Most of the anterior forearm muscles are responsible for
extension of the wrist and fingers
extension of the forearm
flexion of the wrist and fingers
flexion of the forearm


Question 76: Which of these muscles does NOT medially rotate the arm?
infraspinatus
latissimus dorsi
pectoralis major
teres major


Question 77: Which muscle extends the forearm?
biceps brachii
triceps brachii
coracobrachialis
brachioradialis


Question 78: Which of these muscles has the same action on the arm as the latissimus dorsi?
deltoid
triceps brachii
teres major
pectoralis major


Question 79: Which of these muscles is NOT involved in abducting the arm?
supraspinatus
trapezius
infraspinatus
deltoid


Question 80: Two muscles that are synergists are the
biceps brachii and triceps brachii
coracobrachialis and brachioradialis
biceps brachii and brachialis
deltoid and brachioradialis


Question 81: Which of these muscles flexes both the arm and the forearm?
triceps brachii
brachialis
latissimus dorsi
biceps brachii


Question 82: If a woman raises her arms laterally from her sides until they are level with her shoulders, she mostly uses her
pectoralis major muscles
biceps brachii muscles
deltoid muscles
latissimus dorsi muscles


Question 83: The muscle that can adduct, flex, and extend the arm is the
pectoralis major
coracobrachialis
teres major
latissimus dorsi


Question 84: Which of these muscles is NOT capable of elevating the scapula?
levator scapulae
pectoralis minor
rhomboideus
trapezius


Question 85: Which muscle moves the scapula and extends the neck?
rhomboideus
serratus anterior
trapezius
splenius capitis


Question 86: This muscle rotates and protracts the scapula and elevates the ribs
serratus anterior
levator scapulae
rhomboideus
pectoralis major


Question 87: Which of these muscles functions only to compress the abdomen?
external abdominal oblique muscles
transversus abdominis muscles
rectus abdominis muscle
internal abdominal oblique muscles


Question 88: Tendinous intersections are found in the
external abdominal oblique muscles
transversus abdominis muscles
rectus abdominis muscle
linea alba


Question 89: Which of these muscles is used during forced expiration?
external intercostals
diaphragm
internal intercostals
scalenes


Question 90: Which of these actions is accomplished by the erector spinae muscles?
protract the scapula
flex the vertebral column
extend the vertebral column
abduct the thigh


Question 91: One eye muscle that elevates and laterally deviates the gaze is the
superior rectus
lateral rectus
superior oblique
inferior oblique


Question 92: A comedian on television looks "cross-eyed" (both eyes looking toward the nose). What eye muscles is he using?
inferior oblique
superior oblique
medial rectus
lateral rectus


Question 93: One function of the infrahyoid muscles is to
fix the hyoid bone
depress the mandible
depress the larynx
rotate the neck


Question 94: The __________ muscle aids in the movement of food in the mouth while chewing
auricularis
buccinator
levator labii superioris
risorius


Question 95: Which of these muscles does NOT aid in smiling?
levator anguli oris
zygomaticus major
mentalis
zygomaticus minor


Question 96: Winking or blinking the eye is controlled by the
orbicularis oculi
occipitofrontalis
orbicularis oris
corrugator supercilii


Question 97: In the human body, __________ function as fulcrums
joints
bones
muscles
tendons


Question 98: Which muscle raises the eyebrows?
levator palpebrae superioris
occipitofrontalis
orbicularis oculi
orbicularis oris


Question 99: The brachialis, coracobrachialis and brachioradialis are all muscles found in the
trunk
thigh
arm
forearm


Question 100: The end of the muscle that is attached to the more stationary of the two bones is the
fulcrum
fixator
origin
insertion


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